He died a year later and was buried next to her. In 1910 Quanah arranged for his mother to be reinterred to a mission near his ranch at Cache, Oklahoma. In 1905, Quanah and Geronimo, dressed in their Native American regalia, were the star attractions at President Theodore Roosevelt’s Inauguration Parade in Washington. Quanah, with the help of the Texans became a wealthy cattleman. He negotiated with Texas ranchers, driving their cattle through the Comanche Reservation to pay the tribe a fee. Quanah led his people through the transition. The stress of losing her children and unhappiness in not being able to rejoin her people brought on severe depression led to her death sometime around 1870.Īfter the Comanche were defeated by Colonel Ranald McKenzie in the Red River War of 1874-1875, the tribe was relocated to a reservation near Ft. She learned that her young son, Pecos died of smallpox and her daughter, Topsanna, died of pneumonia. Na’ura missed her life as a Comanche and tried to escape several times. On December 18 th, 1860, Texas Rangers under Captain Sul Ross raided a Comanche hunting camp, captured Cynthia or Na’ura as she was now called, her infant daughter and brought her home. The oldest, Quanah became the greatest of Comanche chieftains. Some, like Olive Oatman returned to her white culture after five years, while others like Cynthia Ann Parker, captured by Comanche at the age of nine on May 19 th, 1836, she remained with her adopted people, eventually married the Quahadi, Chief, Peta Nokona and bore him three children. A captive bolt pistol (also variously known as a cattle gun, stunbolt gun, bolt gun, or stunner) is a device used for stunning animals prior to slaughter. Many women who were taken as youngsters and were not ransomed eventually grew up and were taken as wives. Rape was pretty common for women as was disfigurement. Some, like the Plains tribes and the Apache were especially brutal. Nearly all the tribes tortured their captives to some degree. When the Euro-Americans arrived they applied the established customary traditions to the newcomers. With some tribes, captives could be kept alive and assimilated into the tribe.
Execution of a captive, especially an adult male, could take several days and nights. It was not uncommon to burn the captives. Some even participated in the torture, especially the women whose husbands or sons had died in battle. While being tortured, they were expected to show self-control, bragging of their prowess as a warrior, showing defiance and singing their “death songs.” These were public events and the entire village attended, including the children. Long before the Euro-Americans arrived Indian tribes were constantly at war with one another.
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